Sustainable Humanitarian Operations: Multi-Method Simulation for Large-Scale Evacuation

Integrating sustainability in humanitarian operations has been seen as a promising approach toward effective and long-term solutions. During disaster emergency management, the evacuation determines risk of loss disaster. To better understand effectiveness plan while considering standpoint, this paper develops multi-method simulation (MMS) to evaluate time, load balance shelters, CO2 emission. The MMS integrating Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) incorporates decision-making processes. Comparative analysis shows that outperforms use ABM solely. results indicate over-utilization imbalanced among implying need expand shelters’ capacity revisit concerning location assembly points shelters resource allocation. Evacuation behavior heading nearest point instead designated based on worsens higher emissions by 8%. demonstrate necessity include (social dimension) top technical dimension adopt sustainable performance indicators planning sustainably. Avenues for future research are also discussed.